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The Crop Report is basically a profit or loss analysis
report for an individual cost center. The reports lists your income,
expenses, and overall profit or loss. Per acre and per yield figures
are included on this report. If you have entered a budget for the cost
center, the budgeted amount is also printed.
Income and expenses are listed according to General Ledger
account and Job/Operation/Phase. This report lists all transactions
directly expensed to this cost center as well as transactions expensed to an
overhead cost center (if any).
Three sample reports are provided here. The first report
is a detail report. It lists each transaction posted to each general
ledger account. This report is two pages.
The next report shows the summary format of the report in
the expense section. (You may print this report with either or both
the income and expense sections in summary or detail format.) This
report is printed for a different cost center. Also, there was a
budget entered for this cost center, and the budgeted amount are printed in
the right hand column.
The previous two reports list expenses by general ledger
account. Using the general ledger account as your expense category for
cost accounting purposes has the advantage of simplifying data entry; you
only need to enter the general ledger account to categorize an expense both
for bookkeeping and cost accounting purposes.
An alternative is available that provides a great deal more
flexibility. Job Codes (also called activities, phases, or
operations in other cost accounting systems) give you a way to group related
types of expenses together. To see how this works, suppose you were
trying to figure out the total cost of irrigating a field. You may
have labor costs, water costs, pump costs, labor overhead, equipment
expense, etc. All of these expenses are coded to different general
ledger accounts, but they can be grouped together by using a job
codes.
With the added flexibility comes a little more work.
When entering expenses, you do need to enter the job code in addition to the
general ledger expense account.
Using job codes helps to answer another question. When
looking at the balance for an expense account in the general ledger system,
you may want to find out what the break down is by cost center for that
total dollar figure. Suppose you are looking at the total for the
Labor account. And suppose that you want to find out what the
breakdown by job for a particular cost center. Job Codes lets you see
this very easily.
The following Crop Report is an example of how job codes
change how the report prints out:
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